Password:

" If you name me Captain, I'll sail under your colours "

B&B:

Solve exercises on Conditional Sentences:

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/exercises?05

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/conditional-sentences/exercises?06

GRAMMAR FOCUS:

* Conditional Sentence Type 1
→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future


Example: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation.


* Conditional Sentence Type 2
→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form: if + Simple Past, Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)


Example: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.


* Conditional Sentence Type 3
→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.
Form: if + Past Perfect, Conditional II (= would + have + Past Participle)


Example: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation.

Vocabulary focus:

Gallivanting: to visit or go to a lot of different places, enjoying yourself and not worrying about other things you should be doing


Scupper: to sink your own ship on purpose


Helm: the handle or wheel which controls the direction in which a ship or boat travels
Who was at the helm when the collision occurred?
at the helm:officially controlling an organization or company
take the helm:to start to officially control an organization or company

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PASSWORD

I'm planning to high-ball my expectations 
when I open the discussion in the negotiation.

B&B for next class

Invent a dialogue between Miss Turner and Barbossa in which there was a negotiation that resulted successful only for Elizabeth.Use at least four words related to "NEGOTIATIONS". 

Vocabulary Focus:

Words related to NEGOTIATION

http://www.englishclub.com/business-english/negotiations-vocabulary.htm

GRAMMAR FOCUS

INFORMAL STYLE:
Phrasal verbs
Shorter sentences
Shorter connectors
Personal style
Shortened verb forms
Active sentences
Exclamations, questions and tags
Leave out words such as pronouns
Use slang or colloquial language
No modals in general


FORMAL STYLE:
Single-word verbs
Longer sentences
Longer connectors
Impersonal tone
No contractions in verbs
Passive sentences
Polite phrases
Use complete sentences
Use formulaic language
Use of modal verbs

RECIPE By GUSAVO's wife

Here is the Nugaton´s Recipe by Nair


Ingredients: - chocolate                                 7 bars
                     - dry biscuits (Criollitas type)   2 packets
                     - Quaker                                    2 spoons
                     - milk jam                                  300 gr
                     - butter                                       20 gr




Preparation:  Melt the chocolate and the butter to bain Marie. When they are completely melted add the milk jam. In other bowl crush the biscuits and add the Quaker. Mix both preparations. Pour the mixture in a flat tray and put it in the fridge. If you are in a hurry you can put the tray in the freezer, but remember to take it out a moment before serving. If not, it will be very hard. Enjoy it  !!!!!!

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PASSWORD:

Pictures of the bombed and burning city inflamed feelings further.

B&B:

Coherence and cohesion:


http://grammar.about.com/od/tests/a/Exercise-In-Identifying-Transitional-Expressions.htm 
Pick up the transitional words and phrases used to provide cohesion 


http://grammar.about.com/od/developingparagraphs/a/cohrevisepars1.htm 
Use transitional words to link sentences into unified paragraphs.

FOCUS on VOCABULARY:

fraud: /frɔːd/ the crime of getting money by deceiving people
castaway/ˈkɑː.stə.weɪ/a person who has escaped from a ship that has sunk, and managed to get to an island or country where there are few or no other people.
Shipwreck: an accident in which a ship is destroyed or sunk at sea, especially by hitting rocks, or a ship which has been destroyed or sunk in such an accident
Wreck ( v) to destroy or badly damage something
Wreck (n) a vehicle or ship that has been destroyed or badly damaged
                 • informal someone who is in bad physical or mental condition
Witty: using words in a clever and funny way

Kindle:/ kindl/  to cause a fire to start burning by lighting paper, wood etc. LITERARY to cause strong feelings or ideas in someone: Her imagination was kindled by the exciting stories her grandmother told her.

Embezzle: /ɪmˈbez.l ̩/to secretly take money that is in your care or that belongs to an organization or business you work for. She embezzled thousands of dollars from the charity.

highjack: /ˈhɑɪˌdʒæk/to force someone to give you control of a vehicle, aircraft, or ship that is in the middle of a trip: Gunmen tried to hijack their truck.› Someone who hijacks someone else’s ideas or plans uses those ideas and claims to have created them: The movie hijacks some of its style from "Blade Runner".

marauder: /məˈrɔː.dər/ a person or animal that goes from one place to another looking for something to kill or steal

Char:: to burn and become black or to burn something so that it becomes black.Grill the peppers until the skin starts to char.

FOCUS on GRAMMAR:

COHESION vs COHERENCE


Cohesion is the grammatical and lexical relationship within a text or sentence. Cohesion can be defined as the links that hold a text together and give it meaning. It is related to the broader concept of coherence.
There are two main types of cohesion: grammatical, referring to the structural content, and lexical, referring to the language content of the piece. 
A cohesive text is created in many different ways. There are five grammatical cohesive devices that create coherence in texts: reference, ellipsis, substitution, transitions and conjunctions.


REFERENCE: Here is an example of reference
Doctor Foster went to Gloucester in a shower of rain 
He stepped in puddle right up to his middle 
And never went there again
He     refers back to Doctor Foster 
There   refers back to Gloucester


ELLIPSIS: It happens when, after a more specific mention, words are omitted when the phrase needs to be repeated.
A simple conversational example:
 (A) Where are you going?
 (B) To town.
The full form of B's reply would be: "I am going to town".
A simple written example: The younger child was very outgoing, the older much more reserved.
The omitted words from the second clause are "child" and "was".


SUBSTITUTION: Substitution is replacement of one linguistic item by another. 
When we talk about replacement of one item by another, we mean replacement of one word/phrase with another word or phrase. It is used to avoid repetition of a particular item.
Example    My axe is too blunt. I must get a sharper one.
You know John already knows. I think everybody does.
A word is not omitted, as in ellipsis, but is substituted for another, more general word. 


CONJUNCTIONS and TRANSITIONS:
Conjunction sets up a relationship between two clauses. The most basic but least cohesive is the conjunction and. 
Transitions are conjunctions that add cohesion to text and include then, however, in fact, and consequently. Conjunctions can also be implicit and deduced from correctly interpreting the text.

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PASSWORD:

Villages were sacked and burned by the pirates.

B&B:

• BAD LUCK: Choose one element or idea and investigate its origin/s: Number 13, to break a mirror, to open an umbrella indoors, to see an owl, a black cat crossing your path, walking under a ladder,etc.
• ASSIMILATION in ENGLISH: Read examples and provide two more.

/ t / changes to / p / before / m / / b / or / p /
basket maker    mixed bag

/ d / changes to / b / before / m / / b / or / p /
bad pain        good morning

/ n / changes to / m / before / m / / b / or / p /
action planning   iron man

Optional B&B:

More Exercises on PASSIVE VOICE:

http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises_list/passiv.htm

Vocabulary Focus:

Steal: to take something that belongs to someone else without permission and keep it or use it: They broke into cars to steal the radios.
Rob: to take money or property from a person or place illegally, often using threats or violence Two men robbed the store last night.
walk off with: to steal something
run away with: to steal something, or to borrow something without asking
burgle: to illegally enter a building and steal things. The person is a burglar.
snatch: to quickly steal something from someone
mug: to attack someone in a public place and steal their money, jewelry, or other possessions. The person is a mugger.
Break into: to force your way into something:

Pillage:/ ˈpɪl•ɪdʒ/  to steal something from a place or a person by using violence, esp. during war: Kidnap: to illegally take a person away by force, usually in order to demand money in exchange for that person’s release: 

Plunder: to take valuable things from a place using force, sometimes causing a lot of damage ( esp during times of war)

Loot: /lut/ to steal things from houses or stores during a war or after a disaster such as a fire or flood. (said esp. of large numbers of people) to steal from stores: 

Ravage: /ˈræv•ɪdʒ/ to cause great damage to something or someone: to commit destructive actions; it implies violent often cumulative depredation and destruction.

Extort: /ɪkˈstɔrt/ to obtain by force or threat: 

Pilfer: /ˈpɪl•fər/ to steal things of little value or in small amounts: 

Filch: /fɪltʃ/informal: to steal something of little value: OK – who filched my pencils?

Sack: to steal all the valuable things from a place and destroy it, usually during a war:

GRAMMAR FOCUS:

ORDERS & INSTRUCTIONS:


Some ways to give orders and instructions without sounding rude.


1. Use the imperative form:
We use the imperative form to give orders, warnings and advice:
Be quiet!  Take care!  Listen to me carefully!


Because it can sound rude to give direct orders (especially if you are talking to an adult), we "soften" the imperative form with "let's" or "please":
Let's go now.  Please listen to what I'm saying.


2. Use a modal verb to turn the order into a request:
We use modals to change the mood of a sentence. 
For example, "You should help her" is more polite than "Help her!"


Could: Could you make me some tea?
Can: Can you come here please?
Will: Will you shut the door please?
Would: Would you wait here until the doctor is ready for you?


3. Use an introductory phrase to soften the order:
Here are some common ways of phrasing an order, from the most indirect to the most direct:


Would you mind possibly… (+ ing) (Most indirect)
Would you mind possibly moving your car? It's parked right in front of mine.


I was hoping you could … (+ infinitive without to)
I was hoping you could spare me a few minutes this morning.


Do you think you could … (+ infinitive without to)
Do you think you could do this photocopying for me?


If you have a couple of minutes spare…
If you have a couple of minutes spare, the office needs tidying up.


I'd like you to…
I'd like you to file this correspondence for me.


I want you to…
I want you to finish this by tomorrow.


4. Use sequencing words:
You can use sequencing words to make instructions clear.


Firstly, make sure the appliance is disconnected.
Secondly, open the back with a screwdriver.
Then, carefully pull out the two black cables…

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